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Volume 107 — 2021

Issue 4

Velvet Rope Discrimination

Public accommodations are private and public facilities that are held out to and used by the public. Public accommodations were significant battlegrounds for the Civil Rights Movement as protesters and litigators fought for equal access to swimming …

By Shaun Ossei-Owusu

107 Va. L. Rev. 683

The Law of Legislative Representation

Law has much to say about the practice of legislative representation. Legal rules from different substantive domains collectively determine the landscape in which legislators act. Most obviously, the law of democracy—the law regulating elections, …

By Jonathan S. Gould

107 Va. L. Rev. 765

Trade Administration

At the core of public debates about trade policy making in the United States and the so-called “trade war” is a controversy over who should be responsible for making U.S. trade law: Congress or the President. What these important conversations miss …

By Kathleen Claussen

107 Va. L. Rev. 845

Slaying “Leviathan” (Or Not): The Practical Impact (Or Lack Thereof) of a Return to a “Traditional” Non-Delegation Doctrine

Administrative agencies play an integral role in the everyday lives of all Americans. Although it would be impossible to point to a single cause of the administrative state’s growth since the New Deal era, the Supreme Court’s acquiescence in …

By Clay Phillips

107 Va. L. Rev. 919

Issue 3

Interpretive Entrepreneurs

Private actors interpret legal norms, a phenomenon I call “interpretive entrepreneurship.” The phenomenon is particularly significant in the international context, where many disputes are not subject to judicial resolution and there is no official …

By Melissa J. Durkee

107 Va. L. Rev. 431

Invoking Criminal Equity’s Roots

Equitable remedies have begun to play a critical role in addressing some of the systemic issues in criminal cases. Invoked when other solutions are inadequate to the fair and just resolution of the case, equitable remedies, such as injunctions and …

By Cortney E. Lollar

107 Va. L. Rev. 495

Taxing Nudges

Governments are increasingly turning to behavioral economics to inform policy design in areas like health care, the environment, and financial decision-making. Research shows that small behavioral interventions, referred to as “nudges,” often …

By Kathleen DeLaney Thomas

107 Va. L. Rev. 571

Lockstepping Through Stop-And-Frisk: A Call to Independently Assess Terry Under State Law

Fifty-two years ago, in Terry v. Ohio, the United States Supreme Court upheld stop-and-frisk under the Fourth Amendment. At that time, stop-and-frisk had provoked substantial disagreement at the state level—leading to divergent opinions and repeat …

By Nathaniel C. Sutton

107 Va. L. Rev. 639

Issue 2

The Corrective Justice Theory of Punishment

The American penal system is racist, degrading, and inefficient. Nonetheless, we cannot give up on punishment entirely, for social peace and cooperation depend on the deterrent threat of the criminal sanction. The question—central to determining the …

By Jacob Bronsther

107 Va. L. Rev. 227

Nondelegation and Criminal Law

Although the Constitution confers the legislative power on Congress, Congress does not make most laws. Instead, Congress delegates the power to make laws to administrative agencies. The Supreme Court has adopted a permissive stance towards these …

By F. Andrew Hessick & Carissa Byrne Hessick

107 Va. L. Rev. 281

Vagueness Attacks on Searches and Seizures

The void-for-vagueness doctrine promises to promote the rule of law by ensuring that crimes are defined with sufficient definiteness to preclude indefensible and unpredictable applications. But the doctrine fails to fulfill that promise with respect …

By Joel S. Johnson

107 Va. L. Rev. 347

The Origins of Accommodation: Free Exercise, Disestablishment, and the Legend of Small Government

In 1813, Father Anthony Kohlmann, rector of St. Peter’s Church in New York City, found himself between a rock and a hard place. One of his parishioners, James Keating, had reported a theft of jewelry to the police. Later, Keating withdrew his …

By Austin T. Hetrick

107 Va. L. Rev. 393

Issue 1

Conflict Avoidance in Constitutional Law

Hard cases present a dilemma at the heart of constitutional law. Courts have a duty to decide them—to vindicate rights, to clarify law—but doing so leads to errors (judges do not know the “right answer”) and strains the credibility of courts as …

By Charles L. Barzun and Michael D. Gilbert

107 Va. L. Rev. 1

Settled Law

“Settled law” appears frequently in judicial opinions—sometimes to refer to binding precedent, sometimes to denote precedent that has acquired a more mystical permanence, and sometimes as a substantive part of legal doctrine. During judicial …

By G. Alexander Nunn and Alan M. Trammell

107 Va. L. Rev. 57

The Constitution’s First Declared War: The Northwestern Confederacy War of 1790–95

What counts as the first presidential war—the practice of Presidents waging war without prior congressional sanction? In the wake of President Donald Trump’s attacks on Syria, the Office of Legal Counsel opined that unilateral presidential …

By William Hall and Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash

107 Va. L. Rev. 119

Can the Reasonable Person Be Religious? Accommodation and the Common Law

Since the 1990s, in theory, the Supreme Court has applied rational basis review to neutral and generally applicable laws that incidentally burden religious practice. Strict scrutiny is reserved for those laws that lack neutrality or general …

By W. Jackson Vallar

107 Va. L. Rev. 189

Volume 106 — 2020

Issue 8

Damages for Privileged Harm

The law often permits us to impose substantial harm on others without incurring liability. Once liability is triggered, compensatory damages require a defendant to pay for the harm caused by his wrongful conduct. Calculating these damages requires …

By Stephen Yelderman

106 Va. L. Rev. 1569

The Rise and Fall of Transcendent Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era

In the aftermath of the Civil War, American intellectuals saw the war itself as a force of transcendent lawmaking. They viewed it as a historical catalyst that had forged the United States into a nation. In writing the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress …

By Cynthia Nicoletti

106 Va. L. Rev. 1631

The Unlimited Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts

Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction—but only in part. A federal court’s subject-matter jurisdiction is limited by the Constitution; its territorial, personal jurisdiction is not. Current doctrine notwithstanding, a federal court’s writ …

By Stephen E. Sachs

106 Va. L. Rev. 1703

The Role of the Doctrine of Laches in Undermining the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act

From 1933 to 1945, the Nazi regime looted art on a scale with few historical competitors. The Nazis used this state-sanctioned theft to dehumanize the Jewish population and carry out the “Aryanization” of German society..

By Scott M. Caravello

106 Va. L. Rev. 1769

Issue 7

Secrecy Surrogates

Debates about how best to check executive branch abuses of secrecy focus on three sets of actors that have access to classified information and that traditionally have served—in one way or another—as our surrogates: congressional committees, federal …

By Ashley Deeks

106 Va. L. Rev. 1395

Against Fiduciary Constitutionalism

A growing body of scholarship draws connections between fiduciary law and the Constitution. In much of this literature, the Constitution is described as a fiduciary instrument that establishes fiduciary duties, not least for the President of the …

By Samuel L. Bray & Paul B. Miller

106 Va. L. Rev. 1479

College Athletics, Coercion, and the Establishment Clause: The Case of Clemson Football

Once a person turns eighteen and goes to college, do they immediately become less susceptible to the influences of those in power and their peers? The Supreme Court tells us that they do. While consistently willing to find that prayers at middle …

By Erin B. Edwards

106 Va. L. Rev. 1533

Issue 6

Weaponizing the First Amendment: An Equality Reading

This Article traces how and why the First Amendment has gone from a shield of the powerless to a sword of the powerful in the past hundred years. The central doctrinal role of “content neutrality” and “viewpoint neutrality” in this development is …

By Catharine A. MacKinnon

106 Va. L. Rev. 1223

Firearms, Extreme Risk, and Legal Design: “Red Flag” Laws and Due Process

Extreme risk protection order (“ERPO”) laws—often called “red flag” laws—permit the denial of firearms to individuals who a judge has determined present an imminent risk of harm to themselves or others. Following a wave of adoptions in the wake of …

By Joseph Blocher & Jacob D. Charles

106 Va. L. Rev. 1285

Conflicts of Precedent

The law of the circuit doctrine requires three-judge panels in the federal courts of appeals to give stare decisis effect to past decisions of the circuit, which can only be overruled by the circuit sitting en banc or by the U.S. Supreme Court. This …

By Henry J. Dickman

106 Va. L. Rev. 1345

Issue 5

The Structures of Local Courts

Local courts are, by far, the most commonly used courts in our justice system. Cases filed in local courts outnumber those filed in federal court by a factor of over two hundred. Few litigants who receive local-court judgments appeal the matter …

By Justin Weinstein-Tull

106 Va. L. Rev. 1031

Substance-Targeted Choice-of-Law Clauses

Recent cases highlight two persistent problems in United States litigation: the frequency with which parties seek to validate an otherwise unenforceable provision through a choice-of-law clause, and the disparate results courts have reached in such …

By Katherine Florey

106 Va. L. Rev. 1107

Defining Appraisal Fair Value

Appraisal is a statutory mechanism that entitles dissenting stockholders of Delaware merger targets to receive a judicially determined valuation of their shares. During a decade when Delaware courts significantly constrained other legal avenues of …

By Ben Lucy

106 Va. L. Rev. 1183

Issue 4

Measuring Algorithmic Fairness

Algorithmic decision making is both increasingly common and increasingly controversial. Critics worry that algorithmic tools are not transparent, accountable, or fair. Assessing the fairness of these tools has been especially fraught as it requires …

By Deborah Hellman

106 Va. L. Rev. 811

Manipulating Opportunity

Concerns about online manipulation have centered on fears about undermining the autonomy of consumers and citizens. What has been overlooked is the risk that the same techniques of personalizing information online can also threaten equality. When …

By Pauline T. Kim

106 Va. L. Rev. 867

Designing Business Forms to Pursue Social Goals

The long-standing debate about the purpose and role of business firms has recently regained momentum. Business firms face growing pressure to pursue social goals and benefit corporation statutes proliferate across many U.S. states. This trend is …

By Ofer Eldar

106 Va. L. Rev. 937

Transatlantic Perspectives on the Political Question Doctrine

On September 24, 2019, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (UKSC) unanimously invalidated U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s attempt to suspend (or “prorogue”) Parliament. The UKSC’s decision, R (Miller) v. Prime Minister (Miller/Cherry), was a …

By Jackson A. Myers

106 Va. L. Rev. 1007

Issue 3

Constitutionalism in Unexpected Places

Before, during, and after the ratification of the Federal Constitution of 1787, Americans believed that they were governed under an unwritten constitution, a constitution that described an arrangement of power, confirmed ancient rights, and …

By Farah Peterson

106 Va. L. Rev. 559

A Right to a Human Decision

Recent advances in computational technologies have spurred anxiety about a shift of power from human to machine decision makers. From welfare and employment to bail and other risk assessments, state actors increasingly lean on machine-learning tools …

By Aziz Z. Huq

106 Va. L. Rev. 611

Myopic Consumer Law

People make mistakes with debt, partly because the chance to buy now and pay later tempts them to do things that are not in their long-term interest. Lenders sell credit products that exploit this vulnerability. In this Article, I argue that …

By Andrew T. Hayashi

106 Va. L. Rev. 689

Colonial Virginia: Incubator of Judicial Review

What is the historical origin of judicial review in the United States? Although scholars have acknowledged that British imperial “disallowance” of colonial law was an influential antecedent, the extant historical scholarship devoted to the mechanics …

By Justin W. Aimonetti

106 Va. L. Rev. 765

Issue 2

Intervention

Ever since the late 1960s, many lower federal courts have interpreted the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to give outsiders broad rights to become parties to pending lawsuits. Intervention of this sort affects the dynamics of a lot of cases, …

By Caleb Nelson

106 Va. L. Rev. 271

Congressional Administration of Foreign Affairs

Longstanding debates over the allocation of foreign affairs power between Congress and the President have reached a stalemate. Wherever the formal line between Congress and the President’s powers is drawn, it is well established that, as a …

By Rebecca Ingber

106 Va. L. Rev. 395

The New Gatekeepers: Private Firms as Public Enforcers

The world’s largest businesses must routinely police other businesses. By public mandate, Facebook monitors app developers’ privacy safeguards, Citibank audits call centers for deceptive sales practices, and Exxon reviews offshore oil platforms’ …

By Rory Van Loo

106 Va. L. Rev. 467

Redefining the Relationship Between Stone and AEDPA

This Note challenges the current conception of the availability of federal habeas corpus relief for state prisoners claiming a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Since the Supreme Court’s 1973 decision in Stone v. Powell, federal courts have …

By Theodore J. Kristek, Jr.

106 Va. L. Rev. 523

Issue 1

Historical Gloss, Madisonian Liquidation, and the Originalism Debate

The U.S. Constitution is old, relatively brief, and very difficult to amend. In its original form, the Constitution was primarily a framework for a new national government, and for 230 years the national government has operated under that framework …

By Curtis A. Bradley & Neil S. Siegel

106 Va. L. Rev. 1

Rejoining Treaties

Historical practice supports the conclusion that the President can unilaterally withdraw the United States from treaties which an earlier President joined with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate, at least as long as this withdrawal …

By Jean Galbraith

106 Va. L. Rev. 73

Statutory Federalism and Criminal Law

Federal law regularly incorporates state law as its own. And it often does so dynamically so that future changes to state laws affect how federal law will apply. For example, federal law protects against deprivations of property, but states largely …

By Joshua M. Divine

106 Va. L. Rev. 127

Colorado River Abstention: A Practical Reassessment

When duplicative civil suits proceed simultaneously in both state and federal court, a waste of resources is bound to occur. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court has maintained that federal courts must typically retain jurisdiction over such concurrent …

By Owen W. Gallogly

106 Va. L. Rev. 199

Volume 105 — 2019

Issue 8

What is Just Compensation?

By Wanling Su

105 Va. L. Rev. 1483

Federalism, Metropolitanism, and the Problem of States

By Richard C. Schragger

105 Va. L. Rev. 1537

Speech Across Borders

By Jennifer Daskal

105 Va. L. Rev. 1605

Unshackling the Due Process Rights of Asylum-Seekers

By Sara DeStefano

105 Va. L. Rev. 1667

Issue 7

Appointments Without Law

By James Durling & E. Garrett West

105 Va. L. Rev. 1281

Genetic Privacy After Carpenter

By Natalie Ram

105 Va. L. Rev. 1357

A Remedy but Not a Cure: Reevaluating the Status of the Booker Remedial Holding

By Brendan Woods

105 Va. L. Rev. 1427

Issue 6

Insincere Evidence

By Michael D. Gilbert & Sean P. Sullivan

105 Va. L. Rev. 1115

Standing to Challenge the Lost Cause

By Amanda Lineberry

105 Va. L. Rev. 1177

Garbage Pulls Under the Physical Trespass Test

By Tanner M. Russo

105 Va. L. Rev. 1217

Issue 5

The Myth of Common Law Crimes

By Carissa Byrne Hessick

105 Va. L. Rev. 965

Faux Contracts

By Cathy Hwang

105 Va. L. Rev. 1025

Right to Be Educated or Right to Choose? School Choice and Its Impact on Education in North Carolina

By Will Robertson & Virginia Riel

105 Va. L. Rev. 1079

Issue 4

“Standing” and Remedial Rights in Administrative Law

By Caleb Nelson

105 Va. L. Rev. 703

Combating Silence in the Profession

By Veronica Root Martinez

105 Va. L. Rev. 805

Confining Cases to Their Facts

By Daniel B. Rice & Jack Boeglin

105 Va. L. Rev. 865

Pardoning Contempt—Reconsidering the Criminal-Civil Divide

By Michael Weisbuch

105 Va. L. Rev. 931

Issue 3

Why Didn’t the Common Law Follow the Flag?

By Christian R. Burset

105 Va. L. Rev. 483

The “Murder Scene Exception” – Myth or Reality? Empirically Testing the Influence of Crime Severity in Federal Search-and-Seizure Cases

By Jeffrey A. Segal, Avani Mehta Sood, & Benjamin Woodson

105 Va. L. Rev. 543

Corporate Disestablishment

By James D. Nelson

105 Va. L. Rev. 595

Super PACs, Personal Data, and Campaign Finance Loopholes

By Samir Sheth

105 Va. L. Rev. 655

Issue 2

Foreword

By Risa Goluboff

105 Va. L. Rev. 263

On Charlottesville

By Dayna Bowen Matthew

105 Va. L. Rev. 269

Reconceptualizing the Harms of Discrimination: How Brown v. Board of Education Helped to Further White Supremacy

By Angela Onwuachi-Willig

105 Va. L. Rev. 343

Procedural Justice, Legal Estrangement, and the Black People’s Grand Jury

By Brie McLemore

105 Va. L. Rev. 371

Education as Property

By LaToya Baldwin Clark

105 Va. L. Rev. 397

Constitutional Interpretation Without Judges: Police Violence, Excessive Force, and Remaking the Fourth Amendment

By Osagie K. Obasogie & Zachary Newman

105 Va. L. Rev. 425

White Privilege and White Disadvantage

By Khiara M. Bridges

105 Va. L. Rev. 449

Issue 1

The Government-Could-Not-Work Doctrine

By Nikolas Bowie

105 Va. L. Rev. 1

Abstention at the Border

By Maggie Gardner

105 Va. L. Rev. 63

Automated Vehicles and Manufacturer Responsibility for Accidents: A New Legal Regime for a New Era

By Kenneth S. Abraham & Robert L. Rabin

105 Va. L. Rev. 127

Congressional Control of Agency Expertise

By Daniel Richardson

105 Va. L. Rev. 173

Volume 104 — 2018

Issue 8

Administrative Rationality Review

By Maria Ponomarenko

104 Va. L. Rev. 1399

Unconstitutionally Illegitimate Discrimination

By Brandon L. Garrett

104 Va. L. Rev. 1471

Predicting Enemies

By Ashley S. Deeks

104 Va. L. Rev. 1529

A “Corporate Democracy”? Freedom of Speech and the SEC

By Karl M. F. Lockhart

104 Va. L. Rev. 1593

Issue 7

Powers, But How Much Power? Game Theory and the Nondelegation Principle

By Sean P. Sullivan

104 Va. L. Rev. 1229

Socioeconomic Status Discrimination

By Danieli Evans Peterman

104 Va. L. Rev. 1283

The Irrelevance of Blackstone: Rethinking the Eighteenth-Century Importance of the Commentaries

By Martin Jordan Minot

104 Va. L. Rev. 1359

Issue 6

The Securities Law Implications of Financial Illiteracy

By Lisa M. Fairfax

104 Va. L. Rev. 1065

The Death Penalty as Incapacitation

By Marah Stith McLeod

104 Va. L. Rev. 1123

The Missing Theory of Representation in Citizens United

By Harrison Marino

104 Va. L. Rev. 1199

Issue 5

A Tribute to Gordon Hylton

By Risa L. Goluboff

104 Va. L. Rev. 843

Subsidizing Segregation

By Joy Milligan

104 Va. L. Rev. 847

The Writ-Of-Erasure Fallacy

By Jonathan F. Mitchell

104 Va. L. Rev. 933

Akin to Madmen: A Queer Critique of the Gay Rights Cases

By Elizabeth J. Baia

104 Va. L. Rev. 1021

Issue 4

The Presumption of Civil Innocence

By Hon. J. Harvie Wilkinson III

104 Va. L. Rev. 589

Justice Souter’s Common Law

By Charles L. Barzun

104 Va. L. Rev. 655

Federal Decentralization

By David Fontana

104 Va. L. Rev. 727

Congress as Elephant

By Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash

104 Va. L. Rev. 797

Issue 3

The Damagings Clauses

By Maureen E. Brady

104 Va. L. Rev. 341

Legal Innocence and Federal Habeas

By Leah M. Litman

104 Va. L. Rev. 417

Mining for Meaning: An Examination of the Legality of Property Rights in Space Resources

By Amanda M. Leon

104 Va. L. Rev. 497

Is Powell Still Valid? The Supreme Court’s Changing Stance on Cruel and Unusual Punishment

By Maria Slater

104 Va. L. Rev. 547

Issue 2

Textualism and Statutory Precedents

By Anita S. Krishnakumar

104 Va. L. Rev. 157

Deregulation and the Subprime Crisis

By Paul G. Mahoney

104 Va. L. Rev. 235

“Was that a Yes or a No?” Reviewing Voluntariness in Consent Searches

By James C. McGlinchy

104 Va. L. Rev. 301

Issue 1

Should the Rules Committees Have an Amicus Role?

By Scott Dodson

104 Va. L. Rev. 1

Fee-Shifting and Shareholder Litigation

By Albert H. Choi

104 Va. L. Rev. 59

“Don’t Elect Me”: Sheriffs and the Need for Reform in County Law Enforcement

By James Tomberlin

104 Va. L. Rev. 113

Volume 103 — 2017

Issue 8

Enforcing the FCPA: International Resonance and Domestic Strategy

By Rachel Brewster

103 Va. L. Rev. 1611

Restoring the Lost Anti-Injunction Act

By Kristin E. Hickman & Gerald Kerska

103 Va. L. Rev. 1683

Are Speech Rights for Speakers?

By Leslie Kendrick

103 Va. L. Rev. 1767

Moral Commitments in Cost-Benefit Analysis

By Eric A. Posner and Cass R. Sunstein

103 Va. L. Rev. 1809

Waiving the Ministerial Exception

By Michael J. West

103 Va. L. Rev. 1861

Issue 7

Functionality Screens

By Christopher Buccafusco & Mark A. Lemley

103 Va. L. Rev. 1293

Justice, Interrupted: The Effect of Gender, Ideology, and Seniority at Supreme Court Oral Arguments

By Tonja Jacobi and Dylan Schweers

103 Va. L. Rev. 1379

Legislative Underwrites

By Ethan J. Leib & James J. Brudney

103 Va. L. Rev. 1487

A Cost-Benefit Analysis–Based Interpretation of Reciprocity Under Clean Air Act Section 115(c)

By Jim Dennison

103 Va. L. Rev. 1561

Issue 6

Exorcising the Clergy Privilege

By Christine P. Bartholomew

103 Va. L. Rev. 1015

Ambition and Fruition in Federal Criminal Law: A Case Study

By Lauren M. Ouziel

103 Va. L. Rev. 1077

Copyright Survives: Rethinking the Copyright-Contract Conflict

By Guy A. Rub

103 Va. L. Rev. 1141

Constitutional Avoidance: The Single Subject Rule as an Interpretive Principle

By Daniel N. Boger

103 Va. L. Rev. 1247

Issue 5

Situational Severability

By Brian Charles Lea

103 Va. L. Rev. 735

The Law Presidents Make

By Daphna Renan

103 Va. L. Rev. 805

The Constitutional Right to Collateral Post-Conviction Review

By Carlos M. Vázquez & Stephen I. Vladeck

103 Va. L. Rev. 905

Toward an International Right Against Self-Incrimination: Expanding the Fifth Amendment’s “Compelled” to Foreign Compulsion

By Neal Modi

103 Va. L. Rev. 961

Issue 4

The Untenable Case for Perpetual Dual-Class Stock

By Lucian A. Bebchuk & Kobi Kastiel

103 Va. L. Rev. 585

Entrenchment, Incrementalism, and Constitutional Collapse

By Michael D. Gilbert

103 Va. L. Rev. 631

Do Your Duty (!)(?) The Distribution of Power in the Appointments Clause

By Daniel S. Cohen

103 Va. L. Rev. 673

Issue 3

Information Gaps and Shadow Banking

By Kathryn Judge

103 Va. L. Rev. 411

Religion Is Special Enough

By Christopher C. Lund

103 Va. L. Rev. 481

Targeting Detached Corporate Intermediaries in the Terrorist Supply Chain: Dial 2339/13224 for Assistance?

By Lauren C. O'Leary

103 Va. L. Rev. 525

Issue 2

A Tactical Fourth Amendment

By Brandon Garrett and Seth Stoughton

103 Va. L. Rev. 211

The Economic Foundation of the Dormant Commerce Clause

By Michael S. Knoll and Ruth Mason

103 Va. L. Rev. 309

Government Admissions and Federal Rule of Evidence 801(D)(2)

By Jared M. Kelson

103 Va. L. Rev. 355

Issue 1

Sovereign Immunity and the Constitutional Text

By William Baude

103 Va. L. Rev. 1

Crackdowns

By Mila Sohoni

103 Va. L. Rev. 31

Jettisoning “Jurisdictional”: Asserting the Substantive Nature of Supremacy Clause Immunity

By Stephen A. Cobb

103 Va. L. Rev. 107

(Un)limiting Administrative Review: Wind River, Section 2401(A), and the Right to Challenge Federal Agencies

By John Kendrick

103 Va. L. Rev. 157

Volume 102 — 2016

Issue 8

Unbundling the “Tort” of Copyright Infringement

By Patrick R. Goold

102 Va. L. Rev. 1833

The Amicus Machine

By Allison Orr Larsen & Neal Devins

102 Va. L. Rev. 1901

Corporations, Unions, and the Illusion of Symmetry

By James D. Nelson

102 Va. L. Rev. 1969

Overcoming Overcorrection: Towards Holistic Military Sexual Assault Reform

By Greg Rustico

102 Va. L. Rev. 2027

In Defense of the Secular Purpose Status Quo

By David R. Williams, Jr.

102 Va. L. Rev. 2075

Issue 7

The Rationality of Rational Basis Review

By Thomas B. Nachbar

102 Va. L. Rev. 1627

The Positive Right to Marry

By Gregg Strauss

102 Va. L. Rev. 1691

Legal Design for the “Good Man”

By Rebecca Stone

102 Va. L. Rev. 1767

Issue 6

The New Antitrust Federalism

By Rebecca Haw Allensworth

102 Va. L. Rev. 1387

What’s Wrong With Sentencing Equality?

By Richard A. Bierschbach and Stephanos Bibas

102 Va. L. Rev. 1447

The Common Law of Contract and the Default Rule Project

By Alan Schwartz and Robert E. Scott

102 Va. L. Rev. 1523

Who’s In and Who’s Out: Congressional Power Over Individuals Under the Indian Commerce Clause

By Monica Haymond

102 Va. L. Rev. 1589

Issue 5

A Tribute to David Martin

By Paul G. Mahoney

102 Va. L. Rev. 1163

Property’s Ceiling: State Courts and the Expansion of Takings Clause Property

By Maureen E. Brady

102 Va. L. Rev. 1167

A Theory of Copyright Authorship

By Christopher Buccafusco

102 Va. L. Rev. 1229

Competitive Public Contracts

By Eric M. Singer

102 Va. L. Rev. 1297

Mature Minors, Medical Choice, and the Constitutional Right to Martyrdom

By Josh Burk

102 Va. L. Rev. 1355

Issue 4

Two Concepts of Discrimination

By Deborah Hellman

102 Va. L. Rev. 895

Executive Federalism Comes to America

By Jessica Bulman-Pozen

102 Va. L. Rev. 953

The Failure of Liability in Modern Markets

By Yesha Yadav

102 Va. L. Rev. 1031

Taking the Path Less Travelled: FOIA’s Impact on the Tension Between the D.C. Circuit and Vermont Yankee

By Matthew S. Brooker

102 Va. L. Rev. 1101

The Fox Searchlight Signal: Why Fox Searchlight Marks the Beginning of the End for Preferential Treatment of Unpaid Internships at Nonprofits

By Thomas Johnson

102 Va. L. Rev. 1127

Issue 3

Confronting and Adapting: Intelligence Agencies and International Law

By Ashley S. Deeks

102 Va. L. Rev. 599

“Necessary AND Proper” and “Cruel AND Unusual”: Hendiadys in the Constitution

By Samuel L. Bray

102 Va. L. Rev. 687

Judicial Capacity and Executive Power

By Andrew Coan and Nicholas Bullard

102 Va. L. Rev. 765

“Spiritual But Not Religious”: Rethinking the Legal Definition of Religion

By Courtney Miller

102 Va. L. Rev. 833

Issue 2

A Tribute to Antonin Scalia

By Paul G. Mahoney

102 Va. L. Rev. 285

Foreign Sovereigns as Friends of the Court

By Kristen E. Eichensehr

102 Va. L. Rev. 289

Constitutional Commitment to International Law Compliance?

By David H. Moore

102 Va. L. Rev. 367

Insider Trading in Commodities Markets

By Andrew Verstein

102 Va. L. Rev. 447

When Thirteen is (Still) Greater Than Fourteen: The Continued Expansive Scope of Congressional Authority Under the Thirteenth Amendment in a Post-City of Boerne v. Flores World

By Samuel M. Strongin

102 Va. L. Rev. 501

Waiver by Removal? An Analysis of State Sovereign Immunity

By Jessica Wagner

102 Va. L. Rev. 549

Issue 1

Statutory Domain and the Commercial Law of Intellectual Property

By John F. Duffy and Richard Hynes

102 Va. L. Rev. 1

The Divorce Bargain: The Fathers’ Rights Movement and Family Inequalities

By Deborah Dinner

102 Va. L. Rev. 79

A Declaratory Theory of State Accountability

By James E. Pfander and Jessica Dwinell

102 Va. L. Rev. 153

Benefits of Error in Criminal Justice

By Joel S. Johnson

102 Va. L. Rev. 237

Volume 101 — 2015

Issue 8

Changing the Vocabulary of the Vagueness Doctrine

By Peter W. Low and Joel S. Johnson

101 Va. L. Rev. 2051

Measuring the Impact of Plausibility Pleading

By Alexander A. Reinert

101 Va. L. Rev. 2117

Insincere Rules

By Michael D. Gilbert

101 Va. L. Rev. 2185

Appointing Chapter 11 Trustees in Reorganizations of Religious Institutions

By Colin M. Downes

101 Va. L. Rev. 2225

Excising Federalism: The Consequences of Baker v. Carr Beyond the Electoral Arena

By Franklin Sacha

101 Va. L. Rev. 2263

Issue 7

The Corporate Criminal as Scapegoat

By Brandon L. Garrett

101 Va. L. Rev. 1789

Constructing Issue Classes

By Elizabeth Chamblee Burch

101 Va. L. Rev. 1855

Commercial Speech, Commercial Use, and the Intellectual Property Quagmire

By Jennifer E. Rothman

101 Va. L. Rev. 1929

Confronting Big Data: Applying the Confrontation Clause to Government Data Collection

By Chad Squitieri

101 Va. L. Rev. 2011

Issue 6

Patent Trolls and Preemption

By Paul R. Gugliuzza

101 Va. L. Rev. 1579

Corporate Inversions and the Unbundling Of Regulatory Competition

By Eric L. Talley

101 Va. L. Rev. 1649

Taming Title Loans

By Ryan Baasch

101 Va. L. Rev. 1753

Issue 5

Inside-Out: Beyond the Internal/External Distinction in Legal Scholarship

By Charles L. Barzun

101 Va. L. Rev. 1203

Taking Care of Federal Law

By Leah Litman

101 Va. L. Rev. 1289

Reading Statutes in the Common Law Tradition

By Jeffrey A. Pojanowski

101 Va. L. Rev. 1357

Aligning Campaign Finance Law

By Nicholas O. Stephanopoulos

101 Va. L. Rev. 1425

Reassessing the Doctrine of Judicial Estoppel: The Implications of the Judicial Integrity Rationale

By Nicole C. Frazer

101 Va. L. Rev. 1501

Experimentation and Patent Validity: Restoring the Supreme Court’s Incandescent Lamp Patent Precedent

By Kevin T. Richards

101 Va. L. Rev. 1545

Issue 4

Jurisprudence and (Its) History

By Charles Barzun and Dan Priel

101 Va. L. Rev. 849

Jurisprudence, the Sociable Science

By Gerald J. Postema

101 Va. L. Rev. 869

Time-Mindedness and Jurisprudence: A Commentary on Postema’s “Jurisprudence, the Sociable Science”

By David Luban

101 Va. L. Rev. 903

Jurisprudence, History, and the Institutional Quality of Law

By Nicola Lacey

101 Va. L. Rev. 919

Of Weevils and Witches: What Can We Learn from the Ghost of Responsibility Past? A Commentary on Lacey’s “Jurisprudence, History, and the Institutional Quality of Law”

By Kimberly Kessler Ferzan

101 Va. L. Rev. 947

The Path-Dependence of Legal Positivism

By Frederick Schauer

101 Va. L. Rev. 957

What Can The History of Jurisprudence Do For Jurisprudence? A Commentary on Schauer’s “The Path-Dependence of Legal Positivism”

By Steven Walt

101 Va. L. Rev. 977

Toward Classical Legal Positivism

By Dan Priel

101 Va. L. Rev. 987

Redrawing the Dividing Lines Between Natural Law and Positivism(s): A Commentary on Priel’s “Toward Classical Legal Positivism”

By Jeffrey A. Pojanowski

101 Va. L. Rev. 1023

Sovereignty and Subversion

By Alice Ristroph

101 Va. L. Rev. 1029

A Commentary on Ristroph’s “Sovereignty and Subversion”

By Mark C. Murphy

101 Va. L. Rev. 1055

The Constitution and the Philosophy of Language: Entailment, Implicature, and Implied Powers

The main purpose of this Article is to begin to recover and elucidate the core textual basis of a progressive approach to constitutional law, which appears to have been embraced in essential respects by many influential figures, including Wilson, …

By John Mikhail

101 Va. L. Rev. 1063

Unintended Implications: A Commentary on Mikhail’s “The Constitution and the Philosophy of Language: Entailment, Implicature, and Implied Powers”

By Deborah Hellman

101 Va. L. Rev. 1105

Intellectual History as Constitutional Theory

By Lawrence B. Solum

101 Va. L. Rev. 1111

Intellectual History and Constitutional Decision Making: A Commentary on Solum’s “Intellectual History as Constitutional Theory”

By G. Edward White

101 Va. L. Rev. 1165

Marx, Law, Ideology, Legal Positivism

By Brian Leiter

101 Va. L. Rev. 1179

Philosophical Inquiry and Historical Practice: A Commentary on Leiter’s “Marx, Law, Ideology, Legal Positivism”

By John Henry Schlegel

101 Va. L. Rev. 1197

Issue 3

Contract’s Role in Relational Contract

By Scott Baker and Albert Choi

101 Va. L. Rev. 559

The Original Source of the Cause of Action in Federal Courts: The Example of the Alien Tort Statute

By Anthony J. Bellia Jr. and Bradford R. Clark

101 Va. L. Rev. 609

Reasonable Expectations of Anonymity

By Jeffrey M. Skopek

101 Va. L. Rev. 691

Exiled from Education: Plyler v. Doe’s Impact on the Constitutionality of Long-Term Suspensions and Expulsions

By Robyn K. Bitner

101 Va. L. Rev. 763

Clean Air Post-Healthcare: The Federalism Limits of the Spending Power and the Future of Environmental Regulation

By Sarah Buckley

101 Va. L. Rev. 807

Issue 2

The Changing Face of the Supreme Court

By A. E. Dick Howard

101 Va. L. Rev. 231

The Case Against Federalizing Trade Secrecy

By Christopher B. Seaman

101 Va. L. Rev. 317

Contaminated Confessions Revisited

By Brandon L. Garrett

101 Va. L. Rev. 395

The Significance of Parental Domicile Under the Citizenship Clause

By Justin Lollman

101 Va. L. Rev. 455

What Killed the Violence Against Women Act’s Civil Rights Remedy Before the Supreme Court Did?

By Caroline S. Schmidt

101 Va. L. Rev. 501

Issue 1

The Legitimacy Of (Some) Federal Common Law

By Caleb Nelson

101 Va. L. Rev. 1

Patent Experimentalism

By Lisa Larrimore Ouellette

101 Va. L. Rev. 65

The Corporate Settlement Mill

By Dana A. Remus and Adam S. Zimmerman

101 Va. L. Rev. 129

Eliminating the Single-Entity Rule in Joint Infringement Cases: Liability for the Last Step

By Ben Aiken

101 Va. L. Rev. 193

Volume 100 — 2014

100 Va. L. Rev. 1819

Volume 99 — 2013

Volume 98 — 2012

Issue 4

The Law of Nations as Constitutional Law

By Bradford Clark & Anthony Bellia, Jr.

98 Va. L. Rev. 729

The Constitutionality of Federal Jurisdiction-Stripping Legislation and the History of State Judicial Selection and Tenure

By Brian T. Fitzpatrick

98 Va. L. Rev. 839

The Original Public Meaning Of The Fifth Amendment Applied To Substantive, Prosecutorial Use Of Pre-Miranda Warning Silence

By Andrew Bentz

98 Va. L. Rev. 897

Issue 2

Content Discrimination Revisited

By Leslie Kendrick

98 Va. L. Rev. 231

Applying Constitutional Decision Rules Versus Invalidating Statutes In Toto: An Alternative To Rosenkranz’s Approach To Facial, As-Applied, And Overbreadth Adjudication

By Scott A. Keller & Misha Tseytlin

98 Va. L. Rev. 301

Volume 97 — 2011

Issue 5

A Unified Approach to Extraterritoriality

By Anthony J. Colangelo

97 Va. L. Rev. 1019

Nonbelievers

By Nelson Tebbe

97 Va. L. Rev. 1111

Courts as Diplomats: Encouraging an International Patent Enforcement Treaty Through Extraterritorial Constructions of the Patent Act

By Timothy A. Cook

97 Va. L. Rev. 1181

Remote Deletion Technology, License Agreements, and the Distribution of Copyrighted Works

By Joseph E. Van Tassel

97 Va. L. Rev. 1223

The Untold Story of Rhode Island v. Innis: Justice Potter Stewart and the Development of Modern Self-Incrimination Doctrine

By Jesse Stewart

97 Va. L. Rev. 431

Volume 96 — 2010

District Court Opinions as Evidence of Influence: Green v. School Board and the Supreme Court’s Role in Local School Desegregation

By David Rhinesmith

96 Va. L. Rev. 1137

The Costs of Religious Accommodation in Prisons

By Taylor Stout

96 Va. L. Rev. 1201

Volume 95 — 2009

Issue 1

Invalid Forensic Science Testimony and Wrongful Convictions

By Brandon L. Garrett and Peter J. Neufeld

95 Va. L. Rev. 1

The Space Between Markets and Hierarchies

By George S. Geis

95 Va. L. Rev. 99

A Fourth Amendment Metamorphosis: How the Fourth Amendment Remedies and Regulations Facilitated the Expansion of the Threshold Inquiry

By Elizabeth Canter

95 Va. L. Rev. 155

Consumerism and Information Privacy: How Upton Sinclair Might Once Again Protect Us From Ourselves (And Why We Should Let Him)

By Benjamin Sachs

95 Va. L. Rev. 205

Volume 94 — 2008

Volume 93 — 2007

Putting Pretext in Context: Employment Discrimination, the Same-Actor Inference, and the Proper Roles of Judges and Juries

By Ross Goldman

93 Va. L. Rev. 1533

Too Many Notes and Not Enough Votes: Lucian Bebchuk and Emperor Joseph II Kvetch About Contested Director Elections and Mozart’s Seraglio

By Jonathan R. Macey

93 Va. L. Rev. 759

Volume 92 — 2006

Taking Its Proper Place in the Constitutional Canon: Bolling v. Sharpe, Korematsu and the Equal Protection Component of Fifth Amendment Due Process

By Peter Rubin

92 Va. L. Rev. 1879

A Line in the Sand: Implementing Scene of the Crime Stay-Away Orders as a Condition of Pretrial Release in Community Prosecution

By Robert Prince

92 Va. L. Rev. 1899

Rosenberger and Davey

By Alan Trammell

92 Va. L. Rev. 1957

Volume 91 — 2005

“The Indispensable Basis of Democracy”: American Catholicism, the Church-State Debate, and the Soul of American Liberalism, 1920-1929

By Zachary R. Calo

91 Va. L. Rev. 1037

Volume 90 — 2004

Issue 4

Exclusion and Property Rules in the Law of Nuisance

By Henry Smith

90 Va. L. Rev. 965

Common Sense and Legal Science

By Charles Barzun

90 Va. L. Rev. 1051

Saving this Honorable Court: A Proposal to Replace Life Tenure on the Supreme Court with Staggered, Nonrenewable Eighteen-Year Terms

By James DiTullio and John Schochet

90 Va. L. Rev. 1093

Under the Empirical Radar: An Initial Expressive Law Analysis of the ADA

By Michael Ashley Stein

90 Va. L. Rev. 1151

Issue 3

Of Power and Responsibility: The Political Morality of Federal Systems

By Daniel Halberstam

90 Va. L. Rev. 731

More Is Less

By Philip Hamburger

90 Va. L. Rev. 835

Crossroads in Cambodia: The United Nations’ Responsibility to Withdraw Involvement from the Establishment of a Cambodian Tribunal to Prosecute the Khmer Rouge

By Scott Luftglass

90 Va. L. Rev. 893

“Happy” Birthday, Brown v. Board of Education? Brown’s Fiftieth Anniversary and the New Critics of Supreme Court Muscularity

By David J. Garrow

90 Va. L. Rev. 693

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